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Knowledge transfer between academia and industry is considered an important driver of innovation and economic growth as it eases the commercialization of new scientific knowledge within firms (Bercovitz and Feldmann 2006; Mowery and Nelson 2004). (1996) call it, irrational. We locate extant data through the use of contextual positioning as we ascribe to a view that context is inherent to analysis. endstream endobj 1066 0 obj <>stream 555 Broadway, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522. 2015). As can be seen from the previous text, the factors that influence knowledge transfer are interrelated. 0000016254 00000 n Although university income from academic engagement outranks income derived from selling intellectual property (IP) (Perkmann et al. A more structured approach is required which distinguishes between the effects of single attributes of cultural differences and their effect on collaboration success and knowledge transfer. 19(1), 3140. 0000051607 00000 n . Furthermore, experience with academic engagement in general and the specific partner in particular will build understanding for the needs of industry and the particular partner more specifically. Trust in UI collaboration is affected by two things. International Journal of Management Reviews, sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2015). (2010), Cyert and Goodman (1997), Liyanage and Mitchell (1994), Partha and David (1994), Galan-Muros and Plewa (2016) and Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios (2016). Extant literature identified knowledge differences and differences in goals resulting from different institutional cultures as important barriers to knowledge transfer. Careers. Jbqv+ ;:ab Cultural differences that are referred to as institutional norms or organizational routines relate to differences in project management and time orientation. Purpose. Organizational Dynamics, Steinmo, M. (2015). It can be wise to start with smaller projects, such as student internships or thesis research, to gain collaboration experience and to learn about the capabilities of a partner. Zhu, F., & Hawk, S. (2015). Qualitative research in this field is often very descriptive and does not refer to theoretical concepts. As explained in Templier and Par (2015), there are six generic steps involved in conducting a review article: formulating the research question(s) and objective(s), searching the extant literature, screening for inclusion, assessing the quality of primary studies, extracting data, and . (2012) focus specifically at the knowledge contribution of the industrial partner. Technovation, Bjerregaard, T. (2010). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Communication is an important facilitator to improve absorptive capacity. 0000137337 00000 n Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. There seems to be agreement on the importance of general collaboration experience, organizational capabilities, and experience with the particular partners for overall collaboration success (Buganza et al. 2016). PDF Writing the literature review for empirical papers - Semantic Scholar RD-7IbR#8UHxS~*g>ki;F Y# The relevance of ambiguity and absorptive capacity in the context of UI collaboration was confirmed by Santoro and Bierly (2006). Nurse Res. Universitiesindustry collaboration strategies: A micro-level perspective. 2014; Bjerregaard 2009; Canhoto et al. Regular contact during the collaboration is important to ensure that goals remain aligned (Buganza et al. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Here are 6 tips to identify research gaps: 1. 2006) indicates that epistemic differences can be reduced by strong organizational routines. 0 Inkpen, A. C. (2000). Mostly, because it reduces fear of opportunistic behaviour and, resultantly, increases the willingness to share information (Plewa et al. the review is being conducted. /S {X6X20Lu)Vsx mWL,;#Pe PX Goals and outcomes should be established early in the project. This means that we will focus on research partnerships, collaborative research, contract research and consulting while collaborations with limited interaction or that require little or no new research are excluded. endstream endobj 1067 0 obj <>stream They result in ambiguity, problems with knowledge absorption and difficulties with the application of knowledge. Nonaka, I. We believe that experience can help overcome minor differences through learning activities, but does not resolve fundamental differences in epistemic background or knowledge background without extensive learning. 0000148751 00000 n The paper concludes with translating these insights into an analytical framework and research agenda. Resultantly, the conclusions we draw about the relation between different factors require more research. FOIA You may adopt conventional methods, including phenomenological research, narrative-based research, grounded theory research, ethnographies , case studies, and auto-ethnographies. This discrepancy is partly explained by McCabe et al. British Journal of Management, Specifically, to understand where The second important factor that influences knowledge absorption, is differences in knowledge background, referred to as cognitive and epistemic difference. 20(7), 595623. The initial search strategy was to find papers discussing research partnership*, academic engagement or papers that combined scienc*, academi* or university with industry* or business, in combination with knowledge management, knowledge transfer or technology transfer. This study combined results from 75 papers on knowledge transfer to re-evaluate previous quantitative findings from inter- and intra-organizational studies. 1). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). (2008). Trust increases with frequent communication. 48(1), 589. The open and interactive mode of communication in this kind of meetings gives industrial partners the possibility to engage more and feel more comfortable about giving input (McCabe et al. Knowledge transfer through rich, or interactive, media is preferred over indirect communication through reports, presentations, patents and so forth, as the latter are unable to transfer tacit knowledge (Alexander and Childe 2013; Sandberg et al. The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we The role of experience to mitigate differences in knowledge background remains unclear. Universityindustry linkage evolution: An empirical investigation of relational success factors. As those have focussed on characteristics of researchers and institutions (Perkmann et al. 12(2), 161176. Tie strength is a measure for the frequency of interactions and communication. 2016). The risk in this kind of work is that projects deviate from original plans, or that changes in plans are not well administrated and lead to discussion later on. Trust is positively influenced by tie strength and shared goals, and negatively by ambiguity and organizational differences. Appointing a single person from both organizations as a liaison has therefore been recommended (Morandi 2013). 2002). We also identified the practices that could help to overcome those barriers. In the authors' experience, researchers can best understand the use of literature in grounded theory through immersion in the seminal texts, engaging with wider academic literature, and examining their preconceptions of the substantive area. 2015). (2006). J Clin Nurs. Research Policy, (2002). Previous reviews by Agrawal (2001), Hagedoorn et al. The relation between trust and knowledge transfer and the specific threats perceived in UI collaborations requires greater attention in future studies (Plewa et al. PMC Expectation management about what can be achieved in the available time and when results can be expected is also important to keep industrial partners satisfied (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015; Barnes et al. Shared goals are needed to reach a common understanding of the desired output and the interpretation of results (Tsai and Ghoshal 1998). On the other hand, it would be interesting to gain greater insight into what knowledge academics require from firms, to enables them to provide relevant results and manage the knowledge needs of the firm. We only used the factors that were relevant for inter-organizational collaborations, absorptive capacity, ambiguity, cultural differences, differences in goals, trust and tie-strength (Fig. trailer Institutional factors are cultural differences and shared goals. Differences in goals originate from differences in market orientation (Ghauri and Rosendo-Rios 2016), priorities in norms (Al-Tabbaa and Ankrah 2016; Mesny and Mailhot 2007), and different logics for the sharing of knowledge (Steinmo 2015). Saparito, P. A., Chen, C. C., & Sapienza, H. J. [Challenges of the grounded theory approach to a novice researcher]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies government site. The paper reports that FinTech promises huge potential for further study by various stakeholders in the FinTech industry from academia to practitioners to regulators. This paper can be used by other novice researchers as an example of the decision-making process that led to delaying a pre-study literature review and identifies the resources used to write a research proposal when using a classic grounded theory approach. A case study of SMEuniversity research collaboration in the context of a small peripheral country (Cyprus). Johnson and Johnston (2004) explored how the knowledge creation cycle affects knowledge transfer in academic engagement. Secondly, the literature that focusses on knowledge transfer and management of such collaborations is scarce. Second, there is a fear that academic partners, unintentionally, share sensitive knowledge with other companies, due to a lack of experience with handling sensitive knowledge (Ulhi et al. 0000148956 00000 n The ease with which knowledge is transferred depends on the characteristics of knowledge, similarities in knowledge background and knowledge management capabilities. Yet, we believe this difference taps into a broader debate, on the governance of university knowledge transfer, presented by Geuna and Muscio (2009), who argue that UI collaborations have a more informal irrational management style than is often assumed. They provide a space for deliberation and feedback which increases the comprehension of results (McCabe et al. Finally, we identified questions for future research based on inconsistencies in extant research and open questions we encountered during our analysis. l0+rylfStZ"^34 k| (2004). If the abstract was unclear about the content, the decision to include a paper was made after scanning the whole paper. Knowledge interactions between universities and industry in Austria: Sectoral patterns and determinants. National Library of Medicine 0000015879 00000 n Besides our aim to develop a theoretical perspective to study academic engagement our focus on knowledge transfer adds to previous reviews on academic engagement. Design and the management of multi-institutional research collaborations: Theoretical implications from two case studies. It is an aggregated term for various knowledge characteristics of which the tacit nature (Polanyi 1966), complexity and the limited possibilities for specification (Simonin 1999) are the most important. Knowledge that can be made explicit can be transferred through prototypes, formulas or manuals. 2016). Sherwood and Covin (2008) found that trust is positively associated with tacit knowledge transfer, as trust increases open communication and the willingness to share knowledge. Strategic management of interactions at the academicindustry interface. 2015). This makes industrial partners reluctant to take part in the research and the academic debate (McCabe et al. Knowledge ambiguity refers to a situation where dissimilarities in knowledge result in inherent and irreducible uncertainty regarding what the underlying knowledge components and sources are precisely, and how they interact (van Wijk et al. Accessibility This includes identifying gaps in the extant literature. To which Daghfouss (2004) adds that systematic learning in relation to management skills does not significantly increase learning capabilities. This research journal mainly explores the relationship between poor semantic short-term memories in the scanning paradigm. Making universityindustry technological partnerships work: A case study in the Brazilian oil innovation system. This way managerial capabilities can be developed and academic work can be aligned with business challenges (Buganza et al. Research Policy, Big data analytics capabilities: A systematic literature review and research agenda. "extant literature." Instead of limiting our search to a list of prominent journals we decided to include a wide range of economic and managerial literature. Academicpractitioner collaboration in management research: A case of cross-profession collaboration. and transmitted securely. In spite of that, they are frequently mentioned as barrier, they are not well researched. Absorptive capacity, ambiguity and cognitive distance seem to be the most difficult barriers to be resolved. Achieving effectiveness involves a combination of specific knowledge or expertise vis-a-vis substantive law, institutional process, and other actors in the system. Because similarity in knowledge background is so important for absorptive capacity, we recommend that this is taken into account in partner selection. 11(01), 140005. Hagedoorn, J. This could be due to a difference in focus, as Ankrah and AL-Tabbaa (2015) focus on negotiations in the pre-collaboration phase and their data included many results related to academic entrepreneurship, while the papers we analysed focus on the execution of the project and research partnerships. Publication management includes arrangements regarding what data can be published and allows the industrial partner to authorize publication, this ensure academics do not publish sensitive knowledge (Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015). 29(4), 567586. 0000175131 00000 n We also found that the current literature is focussed on the responsibilities and perception of the academic partner, with very limited attention for the role of the industrial partner. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. This, however, did not provide many useful results. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, (1994). Finding the right partners is especially difficult for SME (small and medium size enterprises) as they have smaller networks (Buganza et al. Spontaneously sharing interesting knowledge that is not directly related to the specific project, experience and successful previous collaborations make partners feel that the other is genuinely interested in what is needed and improves insight in the partners needs (Al-Tabbaa and Ankrah 2016; Pinheiro et al. We couldn't find direct synonyms for the term extant literature. 12(3), 1623. Coordination is often effected informally between project managers from both sides (Barnes et al. endstream endobj 164 0 obj/Data 164 0 R/TransformMethod/UR3/Type/SigRef>>]/Prop_Build<>/App<>/PubSec<>>>/Type/Sig>>/UR<. Slider with three articles shown per slide. (2000) and Hagedoorn (2002) concluded that there was a lack of research into transfer channels other than commercialization. Resultantly, academic reputation and previous personal ties are important drivers for establishing collaborations (Pinheiro et al. Pinheiro, M. L., Pinho, J. C., & Lucas, C. (2015). A third feature, and one that attracts little attention, is that reviews go on throughout the duration of a research project rather than the conventional understanding that it is conducted at the beginning of a study and ends there. volume44,pages 12361255 (2019)Cite this article. These forms of interaction have been referred to as academic engagement or academic partnership (Perkmann et al. 21(1), 6986. Ulhi, J., Neergaard, H., & Bjerregaard, T. (2012). More attention for how firms manage research partnerships is therefore needed. MeSH Chapter 9 Methods for Literature Reviews Discussion: Organizational cross-cultural differences in the context of innovation-oriented partnerships. 2002; Gertner et al. Agrawal, A. K. (2001). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 24(23), 208225. 2013). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. 2012). Alexander, A. T., & Childe, S. J. (Department of Finance and General Business. 2015). For instance, the outplacement of personnel from the firm, secondment and employment of graduates (Galan-Muros and Plewa 2016; Gertner et al. 2014), training (Alexander and Childe 2013; Azevedo Ferreira and Rezende Ramos 2015; Daghfous 2004; Gertner et al. 2011; Hadjimanolis 2006; Wallin et al. Disclaimer. Knowledge transfer in universityindustry research partnerships: a review. 2013), factors that affect collaboration but did not focus on academic engagement, its management or knowledge transfer (Ankrah and AL-Tabbaa 2015; Agrawal 2001), tried to define academic engagement (Perkmann and Walsh 2007) or discussed policies (Hagedoorn 2002; Hagedoorn et al. extant definition: 1. used to refer to something very old that is still existing: 2. used to refer to something very. Scandinavian Journal of Management, This helps to integrate the results of the research (McCabe et al. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. Philbin, S. (2008). 39(1/2), 131157. Knowledge acquisition in UniversityIndustry alliances: An empirical investigation from a learning theory perspective. Sherwood, A. L., & Covin, J. G. (2008). 18(3), 282306. 2014). In this paper we aim to map extant knowledge and perspectives on knowledge transfer in academic engagement through a systematic literature review. startxref The U.S. Charter School Landscape: Extant Literature, Gaps in Research, and Implications for the U.S. Educational System. implications of the extant research for charter schools and the US education system. The main problem was that there is little consistency in the terminology used to describe research partnerships/academic engagement and knowledge transfer. In exploring extant literature, the study shows that the concept of knowledge gap emanated from the mass media domain and has two distinct pillars or pathways such as differentials in awareness. Even though the literature review typically precedes the primary research study in most instances, it is very common for research to oscillate between the primary research study and the extant information. Researchers benefit from the interaction with industry as well, as it can inspire new research directions and provides additional funding (DEste and Perkmann 2011). Organisational knowledge creating processes and the performance of universityindustry collaborative R&D projects. European Management Journal, We aim to contribute to the theoretical development in the field of academic engagement and propose that knowledge transfer provides a valuable perspective. A study by Daghfous (2004) indicated that prior knowledge was only significant in case of high uncertainty about the organizational aspects for the implementation of the new knowledge. The paper suggests that a thorough impact of FinTech on various stakeholders can be understood using three dimensions, namely, consumers, market players and regulatory front. 2016). Drawing up project plans and the use of management tools can help to make differences in goals visible over the course of the project. This kind of communication improves insight in the partners goals. PDF Should Accountants Upskill? Evidence from Demand for Auditors with If they are regularly updated they help to keep goals and research work aligned. Send us feedback about these examples. endstream endobj 1063 0 obj <>/Metadata 69 0 R/Outlines 83 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 1055 0 R/StructTreeRoot 88 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1064 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1065 0 obj <>stream Research Methods for Dissertation - Types with Comparison We also identified the most relevant factors and practices for the mitigation of these differences. From the Cambridge English Corpus First, industrial partners fear that the academic partner is not working on the same goals, due to institutional differences, and that academics use the industrial partner as money cow (Al-Tabbaa and Ankrah 2016; Pinheiro et al. The paper summarizes the research and findings in this emerging field. %PDF-1.5 % This is also confirmed by the papers in our review, which show a very informal management style, based on high levels of trust. The relevance of technical and organizational uncertainties in relation to learning activities is unclear as well. The importance of social capital (trust and tie strength) has been confirmed for academic engagement (Amabile et al. We will continue with discussing how each of these practices can be used effectively to transfer knowledge according to the literature. In this phase the selection of actual research questions, methods and resource allocation might provide problems, even if these matters seemed clear at the beginning (Estrada et al. Simonin, B. Moreover, 11 studies used extant literature and 1 study extracted data from a focus group discussion. Wallin, J., Isaksson, O., Larsson, A., & Elfstrm, B. In S. Shane (Ed. In a CA, authors examine the main concepts, ideas and relationships of an issue presented by the extant literature, provide a critique, and in several cases, offer research propositions or a framework for future analysis. . <<97E6A55745F74D43A4B0E2AFE32F05A4>]>> This enables him to translate results which facilitate application and implementation (Gertner et al. Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on universityindustry relations. Therefore, tacit knowledge is best transferred through academic engagement, instead of patenting or licensing, as it includes more personal interaction. Nurse Res. IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, This is a methodological paper detailing the authors' engagement in the debate surrounding the role of the literature in a grounded theory study. Our framework and the factors found by van Wijk et al. 47(3), 400410. Toward a new economics of science. 2013b). This could be due to incoherence in terminology at all levels; from terminology to indicate the form of engagement to the factors and theoretical frames that are used to discuss knowledge transfer. EXTANT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary The majority of the papers focuses on development and transfer of knowledge by the academic partner. The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. Research Policy, Gertner, D., Roberts, J., & Charles, D. (2011). PDF Mapping Saldaa's Coding Methods onto the Literature Review Process - ed Engaging excellence? Liyanage, S., & Mitchell, H. (1994). We noticed that cultural differences is used as an aggregated term for different goals, organizational and managerial differences and epistemic norms. 2014). IUO#&(y54PrP\ Journal of Management Studies, 18(1), 4469. PDF Literature Review and Focusing the Research - SAGE Publications Inc Novice researchers considering grounded theory methodology will become aware of the contentious issue of how and when extant literature should be incorporated into a study. The U.S. Charter School Landscape: Extant Literature, Gaps in Research 2013b). International Journal of Innovation Management, @L>SG|Ah]tKVss-_ N Tie strength influences trust positively. This paper continues with a methodological section that describes our review process. While conducting our review we encountered some problems in our search process. This may conflict with making strict project plans and specifying deliverables that align with industrial needs. Bringing together this literature on knowledge transfer enabled us to develop a stylised model that shows how different characteristics of knowledge transfer relate in the context of academic engagement (Fig. Concatenated exploration is an expression coined by Stebbins in 1992 and "refers at once to research process and the resulting set of field studies that are linked together, as it were in a chain leading to cumulative grounded, or inductively generated, theory" (2001, p. 435). There is room left for research into problem management during the initiation and collaboration phase. Research Policy, Frequent meetings and deliberation are key to recognize and solve differences (Morandi 2013; Plewa et al. 2003). Wang, Y., & Lu, L. (2007). Organization Studies, The effects of cognitive distance in universityindustry collaborations: Some evidence from Italian universities. Collaboration for innovation: A case study on how social capital mitigates collaborative challenges in universityindustry research alliances. The paucity of extant data in GT studies is of concern as is the dearth of literature on methods of preparing extant data for analysis in GT studies.