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Degree in English. The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. Style as a concept is usually perceived as being common and elusive. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. Wales (2001) has attempted a seemingly clearest and most complete definition of graphology so far, since it clarifies its meaning and incorporated many other features beyond the letters of alphabet, for example: punctuation and spacing. May Gods blessings abound.always counting on you too, for higher heights. -Connotations of each language whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. Eg. Although both scholars cover the concept of graphology to a considerable extent, Lennard is devoted to composition and punctuation. Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). language. 5. Secondly, the study provides the students with an overwhelming sensitivity with language use thus, revealing the writers conscious attempt at deviating from the linguistic norm; and also enhancing their in-depth and critical understanding as well as appreciation of texts. 4. Style is chiefly linguistic, though in some cases graphological features, the layout or arrangement of text, and even the physical characteristics of a text may contribute to a style. It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. Text Analysis in Stylistics. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. PDF Stylistics Analysis on Poem "Trees" Joyce Kilmer They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. language features to reveal the deeper meaning of the poem. All these devices have stylistic effects. The central question in stylistics is how a text means and language undoubtedly remains the central medium through which a writers style is revealed. In stylistics, deviation is a style. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. Stylistics then, is the outcome of the application of objective and analytical method of inquiry in the field of literary criticism. Indeed, it may be daunting to try to attempt a stylistic analysis using all the checklists or aspects available in the literatures. Text Analysis in Stylistics. Li concludes that . [PEmnwB,:.}18ajgP9%N;4"'.a5 r nTbxkvr=H\z9{r9? Graphological features of scientific language - It makes frequent use of diagrams, figures, graphs, charts, maps, tables, etc. This level of analysis involves both syntax and morphology. and morphology. It is full of words having fixed meaning and certain types of structures are invariably associated with certain effects (Leech, 1969). | Managed by Kyote Internet Group |. In the case of this study, the device is Graphology. 2. Graphology can be considered an extraordinary belief because it is a form of pseudoscience, and it would require the belief that personality traits can be communicated, via unconscious mental functions, through handwriting (Carroll). and forming systemic use of sound in A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). a brief summary of phonological and Graphological level in stylistics. This wise claim and assertion suffices my doubt about individual abilityit is as minute as the mustard seed. Nature of syllables (open or closed) The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. language, it studies the sound system. contrasts of stress, and phoneme For the purpose of clear understanding of the study, the following terms are defined within the context of this research: (1) Deviation: Deviation is defined as the movement away from the linguistic norms and conventions to create sensitivity and inform, foreground and define the authors styles and peculiarities. i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination 2) To examine the extent to which the identified patterns of graphology are signifiers of meaning? General Manager at Sweetbites Manufacturing. Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. Such a process is valuable, for example, in the contemporary creative writing classroom. Verdonk (2002), in his view, defines it as the analysis of a distinctive expression and description of its purpose and effect. Publish an article about your business, startup, school, product launch or event on Kenyayote. (Wales 2001: 182-183). word/s In view of these controversies surrounding the concept of graphology, this section of the study provides an in-depth insight into the linguistic nature of this term as well as explaining how the concept has evolved from once being simply analogous to phonology, to later becoming a complete and independent principle comprising many different elements. The Costume Institute describes the spring 2023 exhibition as an exploration of "the work of Karl Lagerfeld. 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) Moving out 6. Stylistics has also moved from what Simpson (2004, pp. Stylistics hardly develops a theory of its own; instead, it relies so much on theories developed from other disciplines such as literature, photography, psychology, history and a lot more others. 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level According to The features are usually restricted to certain kinds of social context so as to explain why certain features are used as opposed to other alternatives (Crystal and Davy 1985). 2.2.1 Joe Ushie as an African Poet and his Thematic Concerns Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. Business Aircraft Operators Association Website. However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. 2.1.4.2 Literary Stylistics Like literary criticism, stylistics is interested in the message of the work, and how effectively it is delivered. Graphology | The Psychology of Extraordinary Beliefs - U.OSU The phonological style of the author comprises four sound features: alliteration, assonance, consonance and rhyme. Look at the various devices used to link sentences in grammar for instance logical word (firstly), contrast words (however), result words (therefore) and comparison words (likewise, similarly) among other. amount of vocabulary Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. Is there such a thing as "right to be heard" by the authorities? These levels include: syntax, semantics, lexis, phonology, graphology and others; in order to achieve the objectives of this study, this essay investigated the deployment of graphology as a device of meaning and aesthetics. sibilants, emphatic ) Singapore 369977. The position, nature and quantity of the Different Levels of Stylistics Analysis 1.Phonological level 2.Graphologic What is Style and Stylistics? These levels include: Lexis, syntax, morphology, graphology, phonology etc. 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) The irregular right-hand margin of poems, the strange use of parenthesis and the discarding of capital letters as used by E. E. Cummings, Christopher Okigbo, Wole Soyinka and others, fall under this division. 3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. 4.3 Data Analysis CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of language is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the human species. In literary stylistics one goes ahead to give additional information that will assist in understanding the text. helps us to find out subtleties of time, place When we concentrate in The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. Analysing a text stylistically is unlike doing a 'literary' analysis as it needs to be much more objective and rooted in fact. Three main types of style were learned: grand, middle and plain, (Enkvist (1973). Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. Available literatures in the field of stylistics reveal the fact that traditionally, stylistics is concerned with the study of style in language. As long as there is a blue sky above me; as long as there is life in my hands, my loyalty to Gods reign is steadfast and total. Text Analysis in Stylistics. Graphological Features The physical appearance of a literary text. 2.1.7 The Concept of Graphology Graphological Level of Stylistic Analysis - YouTube What then is the difference? It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so The primary focus here is foregrounding. They include: linguistic stylistics; literary stylistics and literary linguistic stylistics. There is a gap between the octave and sestet of the sonnet. PDF Stylistic Analysis of Deviations in E.e Cumming Poem She Being Brand Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? PDF Stylistics Analysis in Advertising Discourse: A Case of the Dangote Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. Email: special offers and other discount information. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? Importance of stylistics devices-sharpen our understanding and appreciation of literary works -helps in translation-help in giving judgment. Verdonk (2002) in his observation puts it that style does not arise out of a vacuum rather, its production, purpose, and effect are deeply embedded in the particular context in which both the writer and the reader of the text play their distinctive roles. Detailed evidence of the morphological level will be sought in the selected bank adverts viz-a-viz their stylistic functional relevance. Stanley E. Fishs article What is Stylistics and why are they Saying such Terrible Things about it? in Essays in Modern Stylistics (1981) says: Stylistics was born of a reaction to the subjectivity and imprecision of literary studies. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? 6. stylistics is the (linguistic) study of style that is rarely undertaken for its own sake. Meanings are judged through 1. Assonance 2 0 obj Other basic considerations are the general appearance and impression of the writing, the pressure of upward and downward strokes, and the smoothness of the writing. -Colloquial references Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. Finally, here lies the major difference between linguistic stylistics and literary criticism a point more lucidly corroborated by Leech and Short (1981) while discussing Style, Text and Frequency: Aesthetic terms used in the discussion of style (urbane, curt, exuberant, florid, lucid, plain, vigorous, etc.) Discourse And Stylistics: Methods Of Analysis - Eduprojecttopics and what was in the past. us to find out the hidden meanings to be Temporal deixis: They point to time. 8j{~Z+ca*sI^,D8J~C[~t{* Examples of person deixis are : Whose, her, his 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level The traditional dualistic view later clashed with the monist organic view of style of the new critics. It therefore becomes the duty of a stylistician to bring about the close examination of the linguistic particularities or peculiarities of a literary work, an understanding of the anatomy and functions of the language. The nineteenth century, being characterized by revolutionary discoveries in the natural science and the rise of social science, such Sociology and Anthropology, provided a suitable atmosphere for the emergence of an objective and analytical method of inquiry. Features of province-identify user to a particular profession, occupational. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that embodies the study of graphic features of the language. Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. example as a way of learning more Quotations 2. So, quantitative stylistics on the one hand may provide confirmation for the hunches or insights we have about style. Significantly, by the establishment of a modified model of categorization of Graphological devices, this research will improve the teaching and learning of graphology as a device of literary composition by way of assisting learners to develop linguistic abilities necessary for them to read, understand and respond to literary and non-literary works sensitively. As a literary critical term, style denotes a characteristic use of language. Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushies writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. Through stylistics we learn to analyze speaking and writing habits. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the . [] Graphemics also embraces other features associated with the written or graphic medium: punctuation; paragraphing; spacing, etc. The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. Spatial deixis: They are used to point location. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). This video lecture discusses the Graphological Level of Language in Stylistic Analysis of English Literature. (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. sentence, sub sentence, As a result of this, Levenston (1992) further solicits more attention for graphological elements and though his book is of less theoretical density (Eva, 2015), it became vital since it appeared the only comprehensive approach to the role of graphology in literature. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House. Where might I find a copy of the 1983 RPG "Other Suns"? -nature of vocabulary (use of simple or difficult words, vocabulary is archaic or modern, words used are concrete or abstract), -lexical relations that exists between words (use of synonyms, antonyms, use of unique words, use of borrowed words e.g Kikuyu word in an English text), They include factors that arise from a person. Graphologists note suchRead More time in the literary piece. Graphological Level, Lexical Level, Grammatical Level, Semantic Level / Discourse Level, Pragmatic Level. Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size) Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality Phonological/Graphological level Language In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words It is interested in providing only a set of maxims which should be rigorously producing certain effects. readers. Requirements before stylistics analysis. What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? 2.3.2 Graphological Features. (PDF) Graphological Deviation in Stylistics: Expressions from the Since stylistics also concerns itself with the sociocultural context which reading and writing take place, contextual factors such as the cultural background of the reader and the situation in which the text is read must be taken into consideration when analyzing a text at the level of context. For instance, both concepts are interested in such features as are beyond the sentence boundary. The concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis is particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. It is the prominent syllable) The principal aim of the paper of the paper is to identify and analyse linguistic features used in the play. Graphology offers the reader a solid impression by communicating the exact mind of the writer. punctuation, spacing and so on. The origin of style is traceable to the Latin word stilus, meaning a pointed instrument used for writing. The stylistic features, they go on to discuss, are not exclusive to one genre but are techniques that can be applied equally to non-literary texts. Style has been variously defined according to its orientation in the writers personality, the impressions of the reader, an individual text and the collective features of a genre. The following are the levels of text stylistics according to these levels. It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. 2.1.12 Typography (structure and arrangement) In order to understand what practical English stylistics is, study a text and ask yourself questions like why particular features of language have been used and not others. The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) items and use of words in a piece of Your email address will not be published. rev2023.5.1.43405. Style also varies from one period to another. 4.4 Discussion of Findings, Chapter Five: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION In other words, it is the scientific study of style. Quantity of syllable (short, long) The complex developments within literary criticism over the last 20 years have affected the interplay between literature, language and language education in the language classroom. 3.6 Reliability of the Instrument @DanBron But that cannot be possible - you cannot know the war discourse is explored in the octave, for example, without the foresight that the longest line is the one used for the war discourse. knowledge and physical context of the Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Style can also be know as the various ways of saying something, Language variation varies depending on the status and social situation, Variation can also be brought about by degree of formality. environment created by the poet in a The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author.